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Polio Vaccine for Adults

In addition to children, polio vaccine can also be given to adults, especially those at risk of developing polio. Given the treatment of this disease has not been found, then vaccination is the best way to prevent it. Polio is an infectious disease caused by a virus. This disease attacks the central nervous system which can cause muscle weakness to paralysis. In some cases, polio can attack the respiratory muscles. Therefore, polio is classified as a life-threatening disease.

Polio Vaccine Indications for Adults

The polio vaccine actively forms the body's immunity to fight the virus that causes polio in children and adults. Polio immunization is recommended for infants aged 6 weeks to adolescents aged 18 years. Whereas in adults, polio vaccine can be given if:
  • Never had a polio vaccine at all.
  • Have had a polio vaccine, but it's incomplete.
  • Live in an area that has a case of polio infection.
  • Take a trip to a polio-prone country.
  • Work in health facilities and laboratories.

Type of Polio Vaccine

There are two types of polio vaccines, namely inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV). IPV uses dead polioviruses, while OPV uses live attenuated polioviruses. OPV is given by dropping in the mouth. This vaccine is still used because it is cheap and relatively more effective at preventing polio than IPV. While IPV is given by injection into the muscle.

Polio Vaccine Doses for Adults

Adults with a high risk of polio get 1-3 doses of IPV, depending on the history of the previous polio vaccine. If you have never received a polio vaccine, have received a polio vaccine but are incomplete, or don't know whether you have received a polio vaccine, then the first two doses are given 4-8 weeks apart, and the third dose is 6-12 months after the second dose . Adults who have received a complete polio vaccine as a child and will travel to a country that is polio-prone or countries that require polio vaccine to enter the country can get 1 dose of repeated IPV, 4 weeks to 12 months before the departure date.

Polio Vaccine Side Effects

The polio vaccine should not be given to people who have experienced a severe allergic reaction due to this vaccine. Therefore, before vaccinating, you should inform your doctor about the side effects that arise after the previous polio vaccination. Although it is rare, the polio vaccine can also cause side effects. Polio vaccine side effects can include:
  • Pain, swelling (small bumps), or redness at the injection site.
  • Mild fever.
  • Joint pain.
  • Dizzy.
  • Gag.
You can compress the injection site with a warm towel to reduce pain. Fever-reducing medications, such as paracetamol, can be taken if there is fever, joint pain, or dizziness. Contact your doctor immediately if severe side effects occur, such as shortness of breath, palpitations, cold sweats, or fainting, after administering the vaccine. Also consult with your doctor about whether or not you should get an adult polio vaccine, as well as the right time for vaccination.

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